Ratatouille It Is
You know how summer goes – at first it seems endless, and then several weeks disappear completely. We needed to spend not-enough time with dear friends who are suddenly leaving town; another had a significant birthday; there was a blissfully cool camping trip to the Catskills (also too short, which was actually fine because camping trips, to me, belong on the list with fish and house guests); we were part of a huge family party (for another significant birthday) on a Vermont day that turned out to be deliciously, heartbreakingly perfect (see sunset picture). Not to mention there have been some major shifts in thinking about the actual direction of our near future, which resulted in my planning and un-planning a schedule for Fall and beyond.
And suddenly, the glorious days of late summer are upon us! At last we get warm clear sunny days and cool nights, several at a time. Dark is creeping in a little early and the angle of the light is changing, bringing the bittersweet panic of summer ending just as it gets really good. CSA pickups are almost too heavy to carry home, and despite this summer’s several awful streaks of weather (first hail, then not enough rain, then too much rain) the market is just bursting with tomatoes and everything else…. August as usual is no less poignant for being predictable. Late summer feels like falling in love despite one’s better judgment.
In August, the nightshades are in ascendancy, with the brief novelty (at least in the Northeast) of eggplant and peppers, and tomatoes in almost ridiculous abundance. Zucchini (which we have officially eaten enough of to not mind it being relegated to a less-than-starring role) persists; the supply of onions and garlic seems, for the moment, inexhaustible. Ratatouille is inevitable! And this is the sort of dish I love the most – truly seasonal, a yearly ritual.
Almost without meaning to, I’ve been creeping towards a “signature” version of Ratatouille for years. The first version stemmed from the purchase of my first major cookbook, Julia Child’s The Way to Cook (the purchase of which I remember as being a momentous splurge). This was in the pre-internet days, when recipes were written on pieces of paper or enshrined in big, expensive, hard-back books. I coveted these cookbooks, which I could not afford, and spent many half-hours hiding behind shelves in bookstores, furtively scribbling notes on scraps of paper, in order to research and develop recipes for things I’d eaten in the restaurants where I worked. For years I tried to make off with my mother’s 2-volume Mastering the Art of French Cooking on visits home (which, I pointed out, I hadn’t seen her use in years) to no avail. But finally I had my own Julia Child book – big and glossy and important.
During this era (the mid-to-late 90’s), Patricia Wells may have held court on the West Coast, with its glorious fresh produce year-round. But Julia Child’s recipes were a culinary lifeline for us East-Coat, cash-strapped, Star-Market-Discount-Card-wielding post-graduate gourmands. Here were ways to take what you could afford to buy on sale, and transform it into something wonderful. My first Ratatouille must have the result of peppers and eggplants being on sale the same week (zucchini was always cheap), but it became a semi-regular production, such that I remember once actually having a Julia sighting in the Brookline Star Market while buying the ingredients for this dish. I felt an inner glow while I slowly wheeled my cart past hers, Ratatouille ingredients on board. (Julia Child had an apartment in Cambridge; I lived on the other end of town in Jamaica Plain. But this particular Star Market was the new and shiny flagship store in the area. It was a regular beat, along with Trader Joe’s, for foodies who didn’t have, or didn’t care to spend, the money for Whole Foods, which was just then beginning to take over.)
The funny thing is, it turns out that I never actually made Julia’s version, as it’s written in The Way to Cook. Even though I’ve thought for years now that this was the recipe I had been repeating, in fact, going back to the cookbook (which now sports a ripped jacket and many pages stained from use), I see that my early ratatouille was an actually adaptation of her technique, which I must have modified based on some other recipes I’d read or versions I’d tasted. Julia refers to Ratatouille as a “provencal eggplant casserole,” in which “the vegetables cook separately, then finish with a short communal simmer.” In her version, the eggplant and zucchini are roasted separately in large slices, then layered with an onion/tomato/pepper sauce (for which canned tomatoes are fine) and baked in the oven. I suppose I’d always thought of ratatouille as having a more homogenous texture. So I adapted Julia’s version, cubing my eggplant and zucchini before following her instructions for roasting them separately in the oven and adding them into a cooked-down tomato and pepper sauce for a quick stovetop simmer. Experience taught that after a half-day or overnight of sitting, the flavors mingled well. It was a pretty good ratatouille: worth the work and worthy of becoming a dish I pulled out when there were guests to impress (and being that my boyfriend at the time was a chef, the guests usually knew what they were doing in the kitchen).
This was in the days before the concept of eating seasonally and locally really hit the East Coast. For a long time, Ratatouille was a winter dish for me (who wants to do all that roasting and simmering in the middle of summer?). But my relationship with the dish completely changed the summer I had a very successful garden. The ingredients for Ratatouille were at hand (with supplements as needed from a farm stand 2 miles away) for weeks on end, and there was all that lovely produce to be used up. In the midst of canning tomatoes and dealing with an overabundance of zucchini, I made batch after batch of the stuff. Out of sheer exhaustion, and probably in deference to the hot August kitchen, I occasionally abandoned what I thought of as the “Julia Method” of roasting the zucchini and eggplant separately, and adopted the quick, rustic, down-‘n-dirty Elizabeth David method. Hers leaves out zucchini, which I added with the eggplant in the middle. The recipe is so amazingly short that I will copy it here in its entirety:
“Peel the tomatoes and cut the unpeeled aubergines into squares. Slice the onions and Pimentos (peppers). Put the onions into a frying pan or sauté pan with plenty of oil, not too hot. When they are getting soft add first the pimentos and aubergines, and, ten minutes later, the tomatoes. The vegetables should not be fried, but stewed in the oil, so simmer in a covered pan for the first 30 minutes, uncovered for the last 10. By this time they should have absorbed most of the oil.”
That’s it – under one hour, one pan, and it’s done. With the fresh vegetables coming right from the garden, this was actually an acceptable version (if a little watery – the tomatoes gave a lot of liquid).
But that same summer I discovered my favorite late-summer cookbook, Lulu’s Provencal Kitchen (more on Lulu and my favorite recipes in an upcoming post). She, like Julia, recommends that the vegetables should be “precooked, separately, each in a different way, before being assembled.” But her recipe goes on in quite a different way, specifying that they should then be “simmered together and reduced to a melting perfection in which some are dispersed and absorbed into the whole while others retain their individual identity.” Richard Olney’s prose brings the recipes of this formidable cook and hostess to amazingly specific life – he is a master at writing out details that allow you to get the essence of a dish.
For me, there were several important notes in the ratatouille recipe. First, it is specified that the onions should be cooked over “very low heat…until they are melting and simmering in their own juices but uncolored.” Second was the note that in the final simmering, the vegetables should cook down “until all excess liquid has evaporated and the vegetables are coated in a syrupy sauce.” That consistency, far from a mixture of roasted vegetables or a loose watery stew, is what I was after.
My final version is an amalgamation of techniques. There are three very important aspects taken from Lulu’s version, with some things learned from Elizabeth David, and a touch from Julia.
The first Lulu/Elizabeth David technique is the initial cooking of the onions, continued with the cubed zucchini, at a very low temperature. It is important to allow these vegetables to stew slowly in the olive oil so that they will give their juices up, but gradually. Only if you cook the zucchini at a low temperature will it get tender without disintegrating. And the advantage of letting it do this in the pan where everything will end up (as opposed to roasting it separately) is that the zucchini (and onion) juices ultimately are kept so they can reduce down with the final tomatoes. Thus, the “syrup” at the end has the essence of all the vegetables. If you roast the zucchini separately, you give up all this wonderful juice, and you introduce quite a bit more olive oil into the dish. But the key is fairly large chunks (the recipe calls for them to be “quartered lengthwise then chopped into 3/4-inch pieces”) and very low temperatures.
The other important Lulu innovation is to roast the peppers. Having no wood coals from a grill, I simply char the peppers over a gas burner, then cool and then peel them (a process that Olney describes, incidentally, as being scorned by Lulu as “barbaric.” Whatever; I work with what I’ve got!) This eliminates several things I hate: pepper skins in my ratatouille, thinly slicing raw peppers, and waiting for the peppers to get soft in a sauté. Don’t ask me why I find this less annoying than burning my fingers while charring peppers over an open burner, but I do.
However, I don’t follow Lulu to the letter. I persist in the Julia method of salting eggplant slices to draw out some of their liquid before roasting them. I then persist in my own method (could I have gotten this idea from Cooks Illustrated? 2001 seems a little late, but it is plausible) of cubing the slices up, tossing with a small amount of olive oil, then quickly roasting them in the oven at 400 degrees. I find this keeps the eggplant from becoming mushy, and it absorbs quite a bit less oil if you salt it first.
Finally, the perfect ratatouille has resulted. I don’t think I’ll change a thing. The recipe follows, with a blow-by-blow description of how I deal with the many steps and long periods of waiting around this method requires. Basically, do not make ratatouille if you are in a hurry. It’s best stretched out over a lazy morning at home, when you have a few non-pressing things to do.
Perfect Ratatouille adapted from Lulu’s Provencal Kitchen
The amounts given for vegetable ingredients are approximate. Use what you have. Every batch is different!
- 1 very large or 2 small onions (a little under a pound)
- 3 large or 4 small cloves of garlic; more if you like
- 1 pound of zucchini (2 medium)
- 1 pound eggplant (1 medium-sized)
- 1.5-2 pounds tomatoes, preferably plum
- 3 long red peppers, or 2 red bell peppers (the ones we’ve gotten from Roxbury this summer have been great for this)
- dried or fresh thyme
- Olive Oil (about 1/2-2/3 cup total)
Directions:
- While you are waiting for your coffee to brew, boil a kettle of water for peeling the tomatoes. (This is an annoying job best done before you are fully awake.) Cut a cross in the bottom of each tomato, drop them in the boiling water for about 20 seconds, then pull out with a spoon and run under cold water to cool off. Peel the skins off with a knife, then you might as well core them, slice them into quarters, and push out the seeds. Roughly chop them, then set aside in a bowl. Since it’s so fun being in the kitchen before you are dressed, why not also start charring the peppers on a burner (“no pants, no pan” – that’s my motto for living on the edge)? And if the smoke alarm goes off, your spouse will finally get out of bed!
- At this point, you may come to your senses and go do some normal morning activities. In my case this is drinking coffee, then going for a 5-mile run.
- When you get back, the peppers and tomatoes are sitting there waiting for you. So, why not carry on? Slice up the onions (cut them in half, then slice thinly), and put them in a big heavy pot with some olive oil over very, very low heat. Peel, crush, and chop the garlic, then quarter the zucchini and chop into large cubes. Check on the onions, but they take a really long time, so nothing much will be going on there. This is a good time to slice the eggplant. Throw the slices into a colander in the sink and sprinkle with coarse salt. They need to sit for a while (about 30 minutes is good). Now you have about 20 minutes to kill. Cover the onions, keeping the heat on very low. This is a great time to send out a few overdue emails, catch up on blog reading, start the crossword, do the breakfast dishes…..just don’t forget to stir the onions once or twice, and at some point, preheat the oven to 400 degrees for the eggplant.
- Now you can get a little more involved for about 15 or 20 minutes. Uncover the onions and raise the heat slightly, then throw the garlic and zucchini in. Stir to coat, and once the zuch is cooking nicely, turn that pan back down to quite low, leaving it uncovered. Cut the eggplant slices (which should have expelled a lot of brown liquid by now) into half-inch cubes, then toss them with a little olive oil on a baking sheet, and throw them into the preheated oven. (I don’t rinse the salt off. If you salt the onions and zucchini minimally, the little bit of salt from the eggplant makes it just about perfect).
- Keep stirring the zucchini, and stir the eggplant after 5 minutes (it should take 10-15 minutes total, don’t forget to check it!). Pull the eggplant out when the cubes are tender but not falling apart. Some may have browned, which is fine. Meanwhile, heat up a sauté pan with a little olive oil, and throw the cubed tomatoes in. Sprinkle with salt, then toss them and shake the pan over high heat until some of the liquid has evaporated but the cubes still hold their shape (Plum tomatoes do this best, other types may fall apart while there is still a lot of liquid. Not really a problem, keep reducing anyway).
- Peel the blackened skins off the roasted peppers (you may need to run under water), being careful not to break their flesh and lose their juices. Press the juices into a bowl, then seed and slice them.
- Now for the final simmer: if you’re using dried thyme, sprinkle it over the zucchini/onion mixture, which is still idling along in the big heavy pot. Pour in the slightly-reduced tomatoes, stir in the eggplant along with the peppers and their juices and get it to a slow simmer. (If you are using fresh thyme, tie a few branches together and throw in with the tomatoes.) Turn the pot down very low, and let it simmer away for about an hour, checking and stirring it from time to time to make sure nothing is sticking on the bottom. (More emails can get sent, pages written, dishes done, crossword finished and OpEd page read….). It’s done when you get that magic syrupy sauce.
- And, Voila! It’s 11 am, and you have perfect ratatouille. It’s best to turn it off and let it sit out on the stove ‘til dinner time. If you aren’t using it until the next day, you can put it in a glass bowl once it’s cool – don’t cover until it’s cool either way, or you’ll make your nice syrup all watery.
I love ratatouille served at room temperature, as side dish with almost anything. It’s particularly good with an omelet and some crusty garlic bread, with a salad on the side. It’s also a special treat with lamb that has been grilled with garlic and rosemary. And ratatouille is such a perfect excuse to bring out some exuberantly spicy red wine – the first cool nights of summer, coming as they do while we’re still indulging in the season’s freedom, are made for eating lamb and ratatouille and swigging back some slightly cool, fruity-spicy Provencal red (like Gigondas, or a good Cotes du Rhone). Would that this gorgeous season would last forever!
Of course we know it won’t, but happily Ratatouille freezes well. Long about your third batch, when you are getting a little tired of it, throw some in the freezer. Won’t it be a wonderful treat in January?


